verb.
Simple past tense and past participle of strip.
WordNet 3.0 Copyright 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
adjective.
having only essential or minimal features
adjective.
having everything extraneous removed including contents
adjective.
with clothing stripped off
Word Usage
"Everyone in the family calls me E—short for Emanuel, a name stripped from me by my sixth-grade English teacher, who told me my given name was too long."