noun.
Reconciliation after enmity or controversy; settlement, as of a difference; concord.
noun.
Satisfaction or reparation made for wrong or injury, either by giving some equivalent or by doing or suffering something which is received in lieu of an equivalent.
noun.
In theology, the reconciliation of God and man by means of the life, sufferings, and death of Christ.
noun.
This doctrine assumes that sin has made a spiritual separation between God and the human soul. Different systems of theology explain differently the method of reconciliation, and therefore use the word atonement with different meanings. The early fathers generally stated the doctrine in the terms of Scripture, and it was not until the time of the Reformation that the differences in philosophical statement were clearly marked. The modern statements may be grouped under four general heads, as follows: A reparation or satisfaction for sin made by the sufferings of Christ as a substitute for the sinner, and in lieu of the punishment to which the sinner was justly amenable. Such satisfaction is regarded as necessary either to satisfy the justice of God, and so make forgiveness possible, or to satisfy the law of God, produce the public impression which punishment would have produced, and so make forgiveness safe. The former is known as the satisfaction, the latter as the governmental theory.
noun.
The entrance of God into humanity, that he may thereby drive out sin and make the human race at one with himself.
noun.
The majority of orthodox divines, whether in the Roman Catholic or the Protestant churches, ordinarily hold one of the above views or a combination formed from them. In general, the former opinion is held in the Calvinistic school of theology, the latter opinion
noun.
in the more modern Broad Church school.
noun.
In Unitarian theology, the moral result produced by the influence exerted on mankind by the life and death of Christ, leading men to repentance and to God. This is sometimes known as the moral influence theory of the atonement.
noun.
In New Church (Swedenborgian) theology, the union and accord of flesh and spirit in man, and so the union and accord of man with God by a spiritual change wrought in the individual.